Investigative journalism is a critical component of modern society, as it helps to expose corruption, wrongdoing, and other important stories that may not otherwise come to light. However, finding sources for these stories can be challenging, particularly when dealing with sensitive topics that people may be hesitant to discuss. In this article, we will explore some of the techniques used by investigative journalists to find people as sources for their stories, and provide some real-life examples of how these techniques have been used in practice.
One of the most common techniques used by investigative journalists to find sources is through networking. This involves building relationships with people who have access to information or who may have been directly involved in the story. For example, if a journalist is investigating a corruption scandal within a government agency, they may reach out to former employees or insiders who can provide information on the situation.
Networking can take many forms, including attending events, joining professional organizations, and reaching out to contacts on social media. Building a network of sources can take time, but it is an essential part of the investigative journalism process.
Another technique used by investigative journalists is the use of public records. Public records can provide a wealth of information on individuals and organizations, including financial transactions, legal documents, and other relevant data. For example, a journalist investigating a company for environmental violations may obtain public records related to the company’s permits and inspections.
Public records are often available online, although some may require a fee or a visit to a government office. Journalists may also use Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to obtain public records from government agencies. However, this process can be lengthy and may require legal action if the government denies the request.
In some cases, investigative journalists may use hidden cameras or other undercover techniques to obtain information. This is often done in situations where it is difficult to obtain information through traditional means. For example, a journalist investigating animal cruelty at a factory farm may use a hidden camera to document the conditions.
However, the use of hidden cameras can be controversial and may raise ethical concerns. Journalists must weigh the public interest in the story against the potential harm to individuals or organizations.
In addition to these techniques, investigative journalists may also use online tools and social media to find sources. For example, journalists may use online forums and discussion boards to connect with people who have information on a particular topic. Social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook can also be valuable sources of information, as people may share information publicly that they would not share in a private conversation.
However, journalists must be cautious when using online sources, as it can be difficult to verify the authenticity of the information. Additionally, some sources may be hesitant to provide information over the internet, as they may be concerned about privacy and security.
Real-life examples of how investigative journalists find sources
To illustrate some of these techniques in action, let’s look at some real-life examples of how investigative journalists have found sources for their stories.
In 2018, ProPublica and The New York Times published a series of articles on the Trump administration’s family separation policy at the US-Mexico border. One of the key sources for the story was a former government employee named Wendy Young. Young had worked in the Office of Refugee Resettlement, where she had witnessed the effects of the policy on children and families. ProPublica and The New York Times were able to connect with Young through their network of sources, and she provided valuable information for their reporting.
Another example comes from a 2019 investigation by The Washington Post into the opioid crisis. The reporters used public records to obtain data on prescription drug shipments from drug manufacturers and distributors. This data helped to uncover the role that these companies played in fueling the crisis. The investigation also relied on interviews with former drug company employees and others who had knowledge of the industry. Through networking, the journalists were able to connect with sources who were willing to speak on the record about their experiences.
A third example comes from a 2020 investigation by The Guardian into the use of prison labor in the US. The reporters used a combination of public records and interviews with former prisoners and advocates to expose the exploitation of prisoners for corporate profit. The investigation also relied on hidden camera footage taken by an undercover journalist who worked at a prison call center. This footage helped to illustrate the harsh conditions and low pay that prisoners faced in these jobs.
In conclusion, investigative journalists use a variety of techniques to find sources for their stories. Networking, public records, undercover techniques, and online tools are all valuable tools in the investigative journalist’s toolkit. However, journalists must always weigh the public interest in the story against the potential harm to individuals or organizations. By using these techniques responsibly, investigative journalists can help to hold the powerful accountable and shine a light on important issues that may otherwise go unnoticed.